How to Survive at Sea - What If the Steering Fails?

The closer your boat is to danger, the faster you willwires and pulleys that fails. Whether you are cruising
need to deal with steering failure. If, for instance, theor racing, it doesn't take much room to have ready, cut
wind and tide are pushing your boat towards theto the right length, and swaged, a complete
shore, you need to implement your solution quickly.replacement.
Similarly, if you are in a busy shipping lane whereUsually when the steering has gone it is because the
there's increased risk of hitting or being hit by anotherboat has been under some pressure and conditions
vessel, you have to know what you should do towere bad. Having a complete replacement gives you
regain control of your boat quickly.plenty of time to make up or repair the broken part,
First, prevention is better than curewhich can then act as the spare for the future.
To avoid losing your steering, you should check yourHow to rig the emergency rudder
steering mechanism at the start of the sailing seasonThe normal jury rudder consists of the spinnaker pole,
and then before each major voyage or race. Thistwo U-bolts, and a board or locker top or door which
check is often overlooked because of itshas holes drilled in it so that the parts can be
difficult-to-reach location. Look for wear, tighten fittingsassembled very quickly. In an emergency the board is
that have worked loose over time. Replace the wireattached to the pole with the two U-bolts, which bolt
cable if you find signs of decay.up tight. Then the new rudder is lashed over the
Be preparedpushpit using a square lashing, which will allow
Nobody should go to sea without an adequate andmovement of the jury rudder.
easily rigged emergency steering mechanism. If you'veSome cruising boats weld or otherwise attach eyes to
got a wheel, you should have a spare cable - fitted tothe rudder and lead lines from them into the boat so
size so as to go around the quadrant - which can bethat in the event of the steering column failing they can
put in place in minutes. If you've got a tiller, you mustmake tackles that will provide them with emergency
have a fitting on top of the steering post to accept itsteering.
which again can be fitted very quickly.Steering by trimming the sails
If you've lost the rudder, your problem is biggerNow that you know what to do to fix your steering,
In many well-run ocean races it is a requirement for allshould it fail, it's also good to remember that it is
entrants to have a prefabricated emergency steeringpossible to steer a yacht just using its sails. You won't
mechanism. Competitors have to install their systembe able to sail close to the wind, probably between 70
over the stern of their yacht prior to the start so thatand 140 degrees will be the best you can make. And
race officials can register their compliance with theyou certainly won't be able to tack. You should,
racing regulations.however, be able to find somewhere that you can
While it's not a statutory requirement for them, allhead for in safety.
cruising boats should carry a prefabricated emergencyCall for help
rudder - not an emergency tiller, but a replacement toSome might say that you should call for help as soon
use if the rudder breaks.as your steering fails. This would be necessary if you
Racing yachts carry U-bolts and their associated nuts,are at risk of going aground or hitting or being hit. If,
with a board - usually one of the removable boardshowever, you have the wherewithal aboard to fix your
which cover water tanks or lockers in the main cabin -steering without putting anyone's life at risk, you are
which can be quickly made up into a quite effectivedisplaying good seamanship by being self-reliant.
steering device. The board makes a steering 'blade'What else should you do?
which is attached to a spinnaker pole or similar.The suggestions shared here don't cover every detail
How to repair or replace the steering cableof how to cope if your steering fails. To learn more,
Once the jury rig is in place there is a tendency totalk to your crew, assuming you have recruited some
think, 'OK, that's well done, now we'll press on,' and nowho have wide experience. Chat to other skippers at
more permanent repair is attempted. Don't neglect theyour sailing club and ask them how they have handled
basic fault.this situation. Consider how you could apply their
Very often, a competent crew member with flippers,answers to your particular boat.
weights and goggles can go over the side and effectA good skipper will imagine disasters that may affect
repairs.his boat and will get as much knowledge as possible
More usually, with wheel steering, it is the system ofof how to deal with them.